Speech-Language Disorders Are Generally Classified
· Articulation disorders: Substitutions, distortions, omissions or additions of sounds. Most children master correct articulation by the time they are in the first grade, but this varies from child to child. Typically, you would expect the following sounds to be mastered by these ages:
o
3
years:
m,n,h,p and w
o
4
years:
f,k,t,g,b, and d
o
5
years:
y, and -ing
o
6
years: l,j,sh,ch,zh,
and wh
o
7
years:
r,s, and z
o
8
years: th
and blends
Also included in articulation therapy is oral motor therapy: To developing, strengthen and refine the mouth, tongue, lip and facial muscles
·
Receptive and Expressive Language disorders:
Language consists of listening and understanding what is
heard and oral and verbal or nonverbal
communication of what the child knows and understands. A child may have
difficulty in receptive or expressive language or a combination of
both. Language includes:
o
Vocabulary:
the number of words the child knows and understands.
o
Grammar:
(Semantics and syntax): the way a child understands concepts and
grammatical rules and how he applies them to his own speech.
o
Auditory processing:
the way the child perceives language (discrimination, sequencing,
analysis and synthesis), association and auditory attention.
o Pragmatics: the way the child understands the purpose and use of language in social language.
o
Voice Disorders:
Deviations in respiration, phonation (pitch, intensity and quality)
and/or resonance. Services for a voice disorder can only be provided
after a medical diagnosis.
o
Fluency disorders:
(Stuttering) Everyone has periods of hesitations and repetitions in
their speech at times, but when it becomes noticeable and distractible
to others and interferes with communication, it is considered to be a
fluency disorder.
